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HANDMADE
AND
HANDHELD

​造物

宋至清代中國文房青銅器

CHINESE BRONZES FOR

THE SCHOLAR’S STUDIO

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策展人:羅諾德博士
文字編輯:馬德松

文字翻譯:林慧琳,馮家盈
網站設計:林采琪

Curated by Dr Florian Knothe

Edited by Christopher Mattison

Translated by Kitty Lam and Winnie Fung

Website designed by Susana Lam

掌中造物
—— 宋至清代中國文房青銅器

Handmade and Handheld:
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzes for the Scholar’s Studio

香港大學美術博物館欣然呈獻「掌中造物——宋至清代中國文房青銅器」展覽,精選八十七件青銅器物,勾勒出由古代禮儀傳統至文人美學思想延展的文化脈絡。這些青銅器超越了原本的禮制功能,而是被視為藝術珍品、文人探究的對象,以及承載着道德與政治的理念。它們的形態多樣,從莊重的禮器到精緻的香爐與書齋文房,反映青銅工藝如何融入帝王與文人文化之中。 因此,器物上的植物和動物形象—無論源自神話或現實—大多承載重要的吉祥寓意,豐富了它們所源出的文化傳統。

橫跨宋至清代的青銅器,不但展現出風格上的多樣性與技術上的創新,更反映出中國青銅工藝源源不絕的創造力。與此同時,人們對古物的尊崇,深深影響中國文房青銅器的收藏與製作,令這些器物在歷史與哲學思想的基礎上,成為建構中華文化身份的一環,也是中華文明承傳與演變的重要媒介。然而,至今只有少數博物館展覽、收藏圖錄及學術出版深入探討這些後期青銅器的歷史、藝術與禮儀意義,以展現它們從宋代到清代的多元形態與功能。 鑑於這些青銅器極為珍稀,我們特別感謝 Paul Bromberg 先生的慷慨出借——若非如此,我們無緣研究並向公眾展示這些鑄工精絕的青銅珍品,以及其所蘊含的祥瑞寓意。

The University Museum and Art Gallery, The University of Hong Kong is honoured to present Handmade and Handheld: Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzes for the Scholar’s Studio. The eighty-seven objects illustrate a remarkable cultural continuum that links ancient ritual traditions to a sophisticated literati aesthetic and intellectual life. These bronzes, having transcended their original ritual functions, became prized art objects, instruments of scholarly inquiry, and emblems of moral and political values. Their diverse forms—from ritual vessels to intimate incense burners and scholarly desk pieces—reflect the deep integration of bronze into the fabric of imperial and literati culture. In so doing, many of the plants and animals—mythical or real—carry important auspicious meanings that contribute to the learned culture from which they originate.

This stylistic diversity and the technical innovations evident across these dynasties testify to the enduring creativity of Chinese bronze craftsmanship. At the same time, the reverence for antiquity that shaped both the collecting and production of bronzes anchored Chinese cultural identity in its historical and philosophical foundations, making scholar bronzes a vital medium of continuity and transformation within Chinese civilisation. Yet only a few museum exhibitions, collection catalogues, and scholarly publications have addressed the historical, artistic, and ritual significance of later Chinese bronzes, highlighting their diverse forms and functions from the Song through the Qing dynasties. Given their rarity, we thank Mr Paul Bromberg for his generous loan, without which we would not have been able to study and share with the public these finely cast bronzes and the auspicious meanings they hold.

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​中國青銅器中的瑞獸與植物

​Auspicious Animals and Plants in Chinese Bronze

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Quadrilobe-Shaped Vase with Elephant Handles  

海棠式象耳瓶

​象 Elephant 

「象」常代表吉祥、太平和力量。

更是普賢菩薩的坐騎,因此也象徵著智慧 。

The elephant often represents auspiciousness, peace, and strength. As the mount of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, it also symbolises wisdom.

海棠式象耳瓶

元至明,14-15世紀 

青銅

高23厘米

 

此瓶器身兩側飾有細長的象首耳,象鼻微微上揚,與瓶身略為分離。雙耳之間飾有一週菱形雷紋,器身下方飾有下垂的蕉葉紋,底部則為圓形外撇圈足,上飾連續波浪紋。 

Quadrilobe-Shaped Vase with Elephant Handles 

Yuan–Ming dynasty, 14th–15th century

Bronze

H. 23 cm

The body features slender elephant-head handles with the trunks lifted slightly from the vase. A diamond leiwen (key-fret) pattern appears in a band between the handles, with a descending pointed leaf motif on the body and a repeating wave pattern on the round everted foot. 

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Brush Pot

筆筒

筆筒

明末清初,17世紀

青銅

高11.8厘米

此筆筒飾浮雕雙龍雲海戲珠紋,輔以雷紋、波浪紋飾。青銅材質於同類器物中甚為稀少。 

Brush Pot

Late Ming to early Qing dynasty, 17th century

Bronze

H. 11.8 cm

The cylindrical bodies of these rare bronze pot are cast with a pair of sinuous and scaly dragons amidst clouds chasing a pearl, beneath a leiwen (key-fret) band and breaking waves above the foot. 

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Tripod Incense Burner in the Form of an Archaic Ding

仿古鼎式爐

仿古鼎式爐 

款識:石叟 

明末清初,17-18世紀 

青銅,銀 

直徑8.9 x 高12.7厘米 

此青銅器為圓缽形,三足直立,口沿外折,飾雙環立耳,器身以銀絲嵌飾饕餮紋及雷紋,三足各飾蕉葉紋。配鏤空硬木蓋,頂嵌瑪瑙鈕,另附三脚木座,中心刻太極符號。諸般裝飾元素相映,盡顯晚明華麗之風。 

Tripod Incense Burner in the Form of an Archaic Ding

Inscription: Shi Sou

Late Ming–early Qing dynasty, 17th–18th century

Bronze, silver

D. 8.9 x H. 12.7 cm

This bronze vessel has a rounded bowl form on three straight tubular legs, a lipped rim with two upright loop handles, and silver-wire inlay of archaic taotie (monster masks) and a leiwen (key-fret) band. Each leg has a pointed leaf motif with an even patina. It includes an openwork hardwood cover with an agate finial and a triangular stand incised with a taiji symbol. Together, these decorative elements reflect the ornate late Ming style. 

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Incense Burner in the Form of a Luduan

甪端蓋爐

甪端 Luduan

「甪端」被視為知識、信息與溝通的至高象徵。

它以通曉四方語言、迅捷敏銳而聞名。

The mythical luduan was revered as the ultimate symbol of knowledge, information, and communication, renowned for its mastery of languages and its unparalleled speed and acuity.

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甪端蓋爐

明末清初,17世紀

青銅

高16厘米

這尊甪端的粗短四足抓著蜿蜒的長蛇。鉸鏈蓋為雙角獸首造型,鬃毛捲曲,刻劃精細。前腿和臀股處皆飾火焰,尾部飾有線紋。

Incense Burner in the Form of a Luduan

Late Ming–early Qing dynasty, 17th century

Bronze

H. 16 cm

The luduan’s short, sturdy limbs clutch a coiled serpent, while the hinged lid shapes the two-horned head, finely detailed with a coiled mane. The bulbous body is decorated with flames on the forelegs and haunches, and ends in a striped tail.

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Hexagonal Vase with Dragon Handles

龍耳銜活環六角瓶

龍耳銜活環六角瓶

宋至元 ,12-14世紀

青銅

高18厘米

此瓶作雙龍首耳銜活環,器身呈梨形,向上收斂為束頸,下承外撇高足。器身共六面,劃分為五層。每段皆以浮雕技法飾以古樸的幾何紋與波濤紋樣。 

Hexagonal Vase with Dragon Handles

Song–Yuan dynasty, 12th–14th century

Bronze

H. 18 cm

The vase has twin dragon-head handles with loose rings, a pear-shaped body with a waisted neck, and a splayed foot. The six sides are divided into five sections, each decorated in relief with archaic geometric and wave patterns. 

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Water Dropper in the Form of a Tortoise

龜形水滴

龜 Tortoise

「龜」因壽命綿長,

在中國傳統中寓有長壽堅忍之美意 。

The tortoise symbolises longevity and endurance

due to its long lifespan.

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龜形水滴

宋至明

青銅,金

長11.2厘米

這尊烏龜昂首於龜甲外 ,甲殼中央設有注水孔,

頭部、四足及尾部均刻畫清晰。

Water Dropper in the Form of a Tortoise

Song–Ming dynasty

Bronze, gold

L. 11.2 cm

The tortoise was cast with its raised head emerging

from a stylised shell, with an aperture in the centre.

The head, feet, and tail are all well defined.

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Paperweight of a Recumbent Qilin

麒麟臥像鎮紙

麒麟 Qilin

「麒麟」被認爲是仁政、美德與寬厚的象徵 。

The qilin is considered the embodiment of benevolent rule, moral excellence, and profound tolerance.

麒麟臥像鎮紙

明,15世紀

青銅,金

長6.7厘米

四蹄收於腹下,通身覆滿細密鱗片,

四足繚繞飄帶狀火焰紋。

頭生雙角,腦後鬃毛飄逸,

脊有棱,長尾飾條紋。 

Paperweight of a Recumbent Qilin

Ming dynasty, 15th century 

Bronze and gold 

L. 6.7 cm

All four-hoofed feet are tucked underneath, with ribbon-like flames emanating from its limbs. A pair of horns protrudes from the head, backed by a well-depicted flowing mane, ridged spine, and a long tail adorned with striped patterns. 

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Water Dropper in the Form of a Three-Legged Toad

三腳蟾蜍硯滴

三足金蟾

Three-legged toad

常與道教財神劉海相伴,象徵財富與繁榮 。

The companion to the Daoist God of Wealth, Liu Hai,

the toad symbolises wealth and prosperity.

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三腳蟾蜍硯滴

款識:恆齋

明末清初,17世紀

青銅

長9.8厘米

此硯滴鑄作三足金蟾,身飾古紋與疣斑,背孔注水,可自口部流出。腹部篆書印款,為康熙年間著名學者及作家李文炤(1672-1735)之齋名。

Water Dropper in the Form of a Three-Legged Toad 

Inscription: Heng Zhai (Studio of Perseverance)

Late Ming–early Qing dynasty, 17th century 

Bronze 

L. 9.8 cm

The dropper is cast as a three-legged toad with archaic markings and warty spots. An aperture on its back controls the flow of water from its mouth. The belly bears the studio mark of Li Wenzhao (1672–1735), a Kangxi era (1662–1722) scholar. 

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Paperweight of a Recumbent Horse
with a Monkey on its Back 

馬上封侯鎮紙

馬上封侯鎮紙

明,16-17世紀 

青銅 

長6.5 x 高5.5厘米

這尊馬作回首揚蹄欲起之姿,通身飾精細火焰紋與鬃尾刻劃。背馱戲球靈猴,諧音「馬上封侯」,寓意即刻晉升侯爵之位。 

Paperweight of a Recumbent Horse with a Monkey on its Back

Ming dynasty, 16th–17th century

Bronze

L. 6.5 x H. 5.5 cm

The horse is shown with its head turned and forelegs raised. Adorned with finely carved flames, a playful monkey climbs on its back. Since ‘being on a horse’ is a homonym for ‘immediate’, and ‘monkey’ is a homonym for ‘marquis’, this object symbolises the ‘immediate promotion to marquis’.

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Paperweight of a Recumbent Lion

臥獅鎮紙

獅子 Lion

「獅子」象徵著無畏的勇氣、強大的力量和尊貴的地位。作為文殊菩薩的坐騎,牠也代表了能斬斷一切塵世煩惱的般若智慧。

The lion embodies courage, power, and nobility.

As Manjushri’s mount, it also signifies the Prajna wisdom that severs all earthly afflictions.

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臥獅鎮紙

明,16世紀

青銅,金

長6.8厘米

這尊獅子頭枕前爪,鬃毛捲曲,鼻子呈如意狀,獠牙外露。其造型象徵王權、軍威,亦是佛教聖物。

Paperweight of a Recumbent Lion

Ming dynasty, 16th century

Bronze and gold

L. 6.8 cm

The lion rests its head on its paws with a curled mane, ruyi-shaped snout, and exposed fangs. This is a symbol of royal power and military prowess in addition to being associated with Buddhism. 

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Paperweight of a Boy playing a Flute

韓湘子坐像鎮紙

韓湘子坐像鎮紙

清,17-18世紀

青銅

長6.2 x 高4.7厘米

這尊年輕的韓湘子,道教八仙之一,席地而坐,悠然吹笛。其髮型為典型的雙髻,身著織錦長衫,衣紋流暢飄逸。他是音樂與才華的化身。他的音樂能感化萬物,創造和諧。 

Paperweight of a Boy playing a Flute

Qing dynasty, 17th–18th century

Bronze

L. 6.2 x H. 4.7 cm

Young Han Xiangzi, one of the Eight Immortals in the Daoist pantheon, is seated playing a flute. His hair is tied into double topknots, and he wears a flowing brocaded Changshan robe. He is the God of Music and Art. His music is said to inspire all beings and bring harmony to the world.

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Incense Stick Holder in the Form of a Hound

臥犬香插

獵犬 Hound

「獵犬」象徵忠誠。

The hound is associated with loyalty.

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臥犬香插

明,17世紀

青銅,金

高4.5厘米

這尊獵犬端坐於淺橢圓形基座之上,首迴轉後顧,雙耳順垂頭側,長尾蜷繞左後腿。其背部飾有帶孔圓環,可供插置線香。

Incense Stick Holder in the Form of a Hound

Ming dynasty, 17th century

Bronze, gold

H. 4.5 cm

The hound is seated on a shallow oval pedestal, with head turned back, ears dropped, and tail curled around its left hind leg. The holder’s back is embellished with a ring to hold an incense stick. 

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Brush Rest of a Dragon and Its Young

蒼龍教子筆擱

蒼龍教子

Dragon and

Its Young

「蒼龍教子」的形象源自三字經「子不教,父之過 」

的儒家教化思想,有著教化傳承、望子成才的寓意。

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The imagery of a dragon and its young draws from Confucian teaching in the Three Character Classic: ‘If a child is not taught, it is the father’s fault.’ This symbolises the transmission of knowledge and values across generations embodying the hope that children will achieve greatness.

蒼龍教子筆擱

明,14-15世紀

青銅,金

長10.5厘米

此筆擱鑄作一隻螭龍造型,龍首獨角,

闊口大張,弓身回首,尾部分叉。

下身盤繞幼龍。 

Brush Rest of a Dragon and Its Young

Ming dynasty, 14th–15th century

Bronze and gold

L. 10.5 cm

This archaic chilong is depicted with a single horn and gaping jaws, its body arched sharply with its head turned back towards its bifurcated tail, while a smaller dragon cub entwines itself around its lower half.

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Water Vessel in the Form of a Pomegranate

石榴形水盂

石榴

Pomegranate

「石榴」因內含無數籽實,

自古象徵著豐饒多產與子孫滿堂 。

As a fruit containing many seeds, the pomegranate symbolises fertility and numerous offspring.

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石榴形水盂

明末清初,17世紀

青銅

長10.4厘米

此水盂造型像石榴。

作爲一種內含無數籽實的水果,

自古象徵著豐饒多產與子孫滿堂。

Water Vessel in the Form of a Pomegranate

Late Ming–early Qing dynasty, 17th century

Bronze

L. 10.4 cm

The small vessel is shaped like a pomegranate, a fruit whose many seeds symbolise fertility and numerous offspring. 

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Brush Rest

in the Form of a Mountain

山形筆擱

山形筆擱 

明末清初,17世紀 

青銅 

長14.7厘米 

此筆架由七座高低錯落的嶙峋山峰構成。 

Brush Rest in the Form of a Mountain 

Late Ming–early Qing dynasty, 17th century 

Bronze 

L. 14.7 cm 

This brush rest features seven jagged peaks of various heights. 

宋至清代中國文房青銅器
Song to Qing Dynasty Chinese Bronzesfor the Scholar’s Studio

Water Dropper
in the Form of a Mythical Beast

瑞獸硯滴

瑞獸硯滴 

清,17-18世紀 

青銅,銀 

高6 x 口沿2.5厘米 

此硯滴器造型為三足水壺式。壺蓋頂端飾有鳥形鈕,與獸形提梁相連,器身另一側鑄有獸首開口,可作傾注之用。通體及三足均採用銀絲鑲嵌技法飾有饕餮紋樣,並配有黃楊木底座。 

Water Dropper in the Form of a Mythical Beast

Qing dynasty, 17th–18th century

Bronze, silver

H. 6 x D. (mouth) 2.5 cm

The vessel is cast in the form of a water-pot on three legs. A bird-shaped knob on the cover is connected to an animal-shaped handle, with a mythical-beast head on the other side of the body through whose mouth the water flows. The body and legs are covered in taotie (monster mask) patterns inlaid with silver wire; accompanied with a fitted inlaid boxwood stand. 

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